Second Amendment
Posted: Tue Mar 18, 2008 3:13 pm
Currently, the Supreme Court is hearing a case challenging D.C.'s laws that place strong limits on the possession of guns within the District, and essentially ban the possession of handguns there.
Basically, the Supreme Court is revisiting the question of whether the Second Amendment actually restricts all levels of government from limiting individuals from having firearms of various sorts. So here's the text of the Amendment:
But there are problems - what's with that whole "militia" thing? What did this mean at the time of the writing of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights? First, the US Bill of Rights didn't come out of a vacuum. They were looking at the English Bill of Rights from a hundred years earlier, in 1689. That document had the following:
So what about that "militia" phrase - did that mean anything to the Founders? It looks like that was pretty important. Take a look at the first draft of the amendment:
At the time of the US Bill of Rights, there was no Federal standing army, instead, each state had its own "well regulated militia." If there was a foreign threat, the Federal government in Washington would raise an army out of the state militia. But based on English history, the Founders were wary of a national standing army. (In fact, part of the English Bill of Rights took away the power to raise a standing army from the King and gave it to the Parliament. Standing armies were scary things - less like the US Army and more like how China's army is used to suppress dissent internally.)
Historians argue that when Madison wrote "bear arms" everyone at that time interpreted this to mean "participate in a state militia" not "run around with a gun during your normal life." In other words, the Second Amendment was intended to limit the right of Washington to prohibit the states from having their own "well regulated Militia."
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Personally, I think that the Second Amendment as it is worded is a mess and almost impossible to interpret in a useful way. It's the biggest failure of writing in the Constitution. We read into it what we want. While I think that there are far too many guns and way too many morons running around with guns, I also think that broad prohibitions are never effective. (see: Alcohol Prohibition and Drug Prohibition.) I think that the solution is not stricter laws, but rather our society moving to where it's discouraged for most people to have non-hunting guns in their houses. (That said, there clearly needs to be more work done to bust fake dealers and straw purchasing rings that feed guns illegally into big cities.)
After all, any given gun (esp. hand guns) are way, way more likely to be used in a crime, domestic shooting or suicide than it is to be used in some "self defense" scenario. And I'm saying this as someone who lives in a so-so neighborhood in a big city with gang graffiti all around my home and who was burgled a couple of years ago. My experience is that most people are better off without a gun around.
Basically, the Supreme Court is revisiting the question of whether the Second Amendment actually restricts all levels of government from limiting individuals from having firearms of various sorts. So here's the text of the Amendment:
A lot of people today read this as meaning that the government can't restrict you (any given individual) from having in your home and often carrying around a wide variety of firearms, from handguns on up to some "reasonable" limit. After all, "the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." Right?The Founders wrote:A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
But there are problems - what's with that whole "militia" thing? What did this mean at the time of the writing of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights? First, the US Bill of Rights didn't come out of a vacuum. They were looking at the English Bill of Rights from a hundred years earlier, in 1689. That document had the following:
So, first they used the words "have arms" (as opposed to "bear arms"), they specified "for their defence" and the Parliament allowed themselves to limit things with their phrase "as allowed by law". It sounds like the English Bill of Rights laid out something closer to how a lot of Americans think of the 2nd Amendment. So why didn't the founders just use that sort of wording, if that's what they meant?The English Parliament wrote:That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law;
So what about that "militia" phrase - did that mean anything to the Founders? It looks like that was pretty important. Take a look at the first draft of the amendment:
There's a clue about what the phrase "keep and bear arms" meant to the Founders. People (like Quakers) who oppose participation in the military should not be forced to do so. (aka "bear arms")James Madison wrote:The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed; a well armed and well regulated militia being the best security of a free country; but no person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms shall be compelled to render military service in person.
At the time of the US Bill of Rights, there was no Federal standing army, instead, each state had its own "well regulated militia." If there was a foreign threat, the Federal government in Washington would raise an army out of the state militia. But based on English history, the Founders were wary of a national standing army. (In fact, part of the English Bill of Rights took away the power to raise a standing army from the King and gave it to the Parliament. Standing armies were scary things - less like the US Army and more like how China's army is used to suppress dissent internally.)
Historians argue that when Madison wrote "bear arms" everyone at that time interpreted this to mean "participate in a state militia" not "run around with a gun during your normal life." In other words, the Second Amendment was intended to limit the right of Washington to prohibit the states from having their own "well regulated Militia."
---
Personally, I think that the Second Amendment as it is worded is a mess and almost impossible to interpret in a useful way. It's the biggest failure of writing in the Constitution. We read into it what we want. While I think that there are far too many guns and way too many morons running around with guns, I also think that broad prohibitions are never effective. (see: Alcohol Prohibition and Drug Prohibition.) I think that the solution is not stricter laws, but rather our society moving to where it's discouraged for most people to have non-hunting guns in their houses. (That said, there clearly needs to be more work done to bust fake dealers and straw purchasing rings that feed guns illegally into big cities.)
After all, any given gun (esp. hand guns) are way, way more likely to be used in a crime, domestic shooting or suicide than it is to be used in some "self defense" scenario. And I'm saying this as someone who lives in a so-so neighborhood in a big city with gang graffiti all around my home and who was burgled a couple of years ago. My experience is that most people are better off without a gun around.